Decision Tree Research is an independent research and analysis firm that specializes in strategic technologies, public policy, and geopolitics.
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Our areas of focus
AI capability has become a measure of national power and a geopolitical race for superiority. The competition covers frontier model development, U.S.–China rivalry, industrial policy, export controls, military integration, and the international safety and governance architecture forming around them.
Chips have become the new oil. The contest for silicon supply chain security spans advanced chips, the equipment and materials that produce them, and the export controls and industrial policy reshaping the global industry.
The defense industrial base is being rewritten by a new generation of commercial AI and space firms. Military AI, autonomous weapons, drones, and the commercial space revolution are reshaping the strategic balance.
Featured research
How Big Is China’s Reported DUV Semiconductor Lithography Breakthrough?
China’s first domestically produced immersion DUV lithography tools are real — but the breakthrough is smaller than the drop in ASML’s share price implied, and bigger than China’s official silence suggests.
Four keys to understanding the future of AI and unemployment
A data-driven crash course in the most illuminating historical analogies for AI and employment — from farm mechanization and the fate of the horse to the economics of music and chess.
How Much Did U.S. Semiconductor Export Controls Accelerate China’s Push for Self-Sufficiency?
In terms of Chinese government subsidies, not at all: investment data shows a semiconductor self-sufficiency push that was already running at full speed before U.S. export controls arrived.
From The AI Power Podcast
Weekly episodes on AI policy, semiconductors, and the U.S.–China technology competition — hosted by Gregory C. Allen.
How China Got 340 DUVi Lithography Machines and Why We Should Stop Selling Them with Saif Khan and Nick Brown
Everyone talks about EUV, but China’s AI chips are made on older immersion DUV machines, and it now has around 340 of them. Saif Khan and Nick Brown of the Center for Technology and Statecraft join Greg to break down their 100+ page report on how China built that stockpile and why they say a countrywide export ban is the fix. They also cover whether China can build its own, and what it would take.
Listen →Trump Likes Mandatory AI Regulation for America but Not China? + Anthropic Defeats Distillation
Greg and Jack Conlin break down how an incident involving Anthropic’s AI agents pushed the White House’s Super Intelligence Task Force toward tougher de facto regulation and oversight of AI, and what CAISSI’s new name and more direct line to the White House mean. Greg argues that tightening the rules on U.S. models while leaving Chinese models unaddressed is inconsistent and puts American AI leadership at risk. Then: Anthropic reports it has stopped 90–99% of adversarial distillation, a core avenue for Chinese AI development. Will that advantage last?
Listen →Who Checks the AI Labs? Independent Verification with Andrew Freedman
Greg’s interview with Andrew Freedman, Co-Founder and CEO of Fathom, on how independent verification organizations went from a policy idea to law in California and Connecticut. They cover what Americans say about who should oversee AI, whether IVOs would have stopped the Hugging Face incident, the administration’s case for liability over certification, and the FRONTIER Act’s odds in Congress.
Listen →Why “Decision Tree”?
The decision tree is one of the most useful analytical tools in three disciplines that rarely meet: Machine Learning & AI, Corporate Strategy, and Government Policy Analysis.
In machine learning, the decision tree is foundational to how models classify and predict. In business strategy, it structures operations planning, capital allocation, and risk decisions. In policy analysis, it maps the consequences of regulation, sanctions, and other interventions through complex systems.
Gregory C. Allen’s career has spanned all three. The firm’s name signals the methodology that runs through the work: enumerate the decisions, trace the branches honestly, find the paths that carry the most consequence, and reason rigorously before acting. Decision Tree Research applies that discipline to our analysis of the technologies shaping global power competition.
Built on a body of work
Before founding Decision Tree Research, Gregory C. Allen authored some of the most impactful analysis in U.S. AI policy — at CSIS, the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, the Center for a New American Security, and the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School.